Test tube evolution catches time in a bottle.

نویسنده

  • T Appenzeller
چکیده

For most living things, 24,000 generations is a daunting span of time. Go back that many human generations, or about 500,000 years, and Homo sapiens had not yet evolved. Even for the fruit flies beloved of geneticists, 24,000 generations equals about 1500 years. But in Richard Lenski's laboratory at Michigan State University in East Lansing, 24,000 generations ago is a recent memory. The year was 1988, when he and his students first introduced 12 genetically identical populations of the bacterium Escherichia colito their new homes: 50-milliliter flasks filled with sugary broth.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

مقایسه کاربرد وسیله جدید )کیسه تخلیه( با چست باتل برای تخلیه فضای پلور

    Background and Aim: Chest tube has been used as a close drainage system for evacuation of pleural cavity after thoracic surgery and in traumatic patients.Today, the chest bottles are made from hard and fragile  material that may be broken easily. Also chest bottle needs sterile saline solution for proper functioning. This causes heaviness with pressure effect on the chest wall, resulting in...

متن کامل

Special Issue—Scripps Centennial

dinoflagellates, which he sampled with a bottle of his design, closed by a messenger sent down the wire. The bottle was suspended from the end of the wire, so only a single sample could be obtained on each cast. The next sample bottle associated with Scripps was developed by Winfred E. Allen, a student of Kofoid’s and an assistant professor at Scripps from 1919–1943 (Figure 2). Allen gathered a...

متن کامل

Oral feeding in premature infants: advantage of a self-paced milk flow.

An earlier study demonstrated that oral feeding of premature infants (<30 wk gestation) was enhanced when milk was delivered through a self-paced flow system. The aims of this study were to identify the principle(s) by which this occurred and to develop a practical method to implement the self-paced system in neonatal nurseries. Feeding performance, measured by overall transfer, duration of ora...

متن کامل

Utility of the germ tube test for direct identification of Candida albicans from positive blood culture bottles.

We compared the germ tube test for the direct identification of Candida albicans from positive blood culture bottles, with results obtained from subcultured colonies. The direct germ tube test was 87.1% sensitive and 100% specific for the identification of C. albicans when the results obtained from fungal colonies were compared.

متن کامل

Estimating catches with automatic identification system (AIS) data: a case study of single otter trawl in Zhoushan fishing ground, China

The sailing tracks of single otter trawl vessels were simulated using cubic hermite spline (cHs) interpolation method based on the automatic identification system (AIS) data of 6 sampled vessels that were fishing in the Zhoushan fishing grounds after the close of the fishing season from September 2012 to January 2013.&nbsp; The vessels&rsquo; status (i.e. whether the vessels were fishing or not...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Science

دوره 284 5423  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1999